This animation* simulates the decaying orbit of a small satellite galaxy that resulted in the tidal stream surrounding NGC 4013.
Click here to download complete PDF documentation.
*The animation is based on a paper entitled "A Comprehensive Model for the Monoceros Tidal Stream" (Peñarrubia, J.;Martínez-Delgado, D.; Rix, H. W.; Gomez-Flechoso, M. A.; Munn, J.; Newberg, H.; Bell, E. F.; Yanny, B.; Zucker, D.; Grebel, E. K.; 2005, ApJ,626,128).
Image copyright ©2008 Jorge Peñarrubia (
University Vitoria ).